How to Write Finance Term Paper Guidelines for Students

How to Write Finance Term Paper Guidelines for Students Effective written communication skills are of great importance to anyone at university and in a future career. That’s why academic writing is an essential part of the education process and typically, college and university students are assigned lots of different papers in practically all college subjects and finance is no exception. There are different types of written assignments you may need to complete as a part of your coursework in finance, for example, business essay, business reports, case studies, research papers etc. In this finance term paper writing guide, we will concentrate on writing a finance term paper but the principles we discuss here may be applied to other different types of communication. You will learn: what a finance term paper is; how to choose a winning topic; how to structure your finance term paper and organize the writing process; how to edit and proofread your term paper in finance. Besides, you’ll find here a short list of impressive term paper topics that can serve you as great ideas for your inspiration. Keep reading. What Is Finance Term Paper? A finance term paper is a research paper that students who study finance in college have to complete and submit at the end of the term. Term papers typically account for the major part of student grade in a certain course so you need to approach them seriously. Your assignment when writing your finance term paper may be to describe a concept, an event or argue a certain point. You have to discuss a specific finance topic or issue in detail and your term paper must be several pages in length. It goes without saying that this work must be absolutely original and demonstrate your good understanding of the topic and your analytical and critical thinking skills. The key to the success of your finance term paper is getting its structure right. Let’s outline the structure of a basic term paper. The basic structure of a typical finance term paper is the sequence of certain parts: The Title page includes information about the paper title, its author, and the educational institution; The abstract is a very brief summary of the entire paper; it is one paragraph of not more than 250 words in length (often it is even shorter); The introduction sets the scene or lays background or foundation to the term paper. You need to explain what your topic is and why it is worth studying; Methods section gives details on how the research was conducted; Results section describes the paper’s findings; Discussion section gives a summary of the results, their interpretation and explains why the findings are significant; References include a list of books or articles cited in the paper. Your instructor may offer you to complete your finance term paper in a different format so you need to read the assignment guidelines carefully and follow them in your writing. Now you have an idea of what a finance term paper is so let’s discuss another important question – how to select a winning topic. How to Choose a Great Finance Term Paper Topic Typically, the topics for term papers are assigned by instructors but sometimes, students are given the freedom to select a topic on their own. If you are a beginner in studying finance, it can be rather tricky. Here are some easy tips on how you can successfully do it. Pick a topic you are interested in. You are likely to enjoy writing your term paper and your audience will appreciate your enthusiasm and your passion when reading your work. The writing process is long but it is always easier to do something and overcome difficulties if you like what you are doing; You can look for finance term paper topics ideas online, in authoritative newspapers and journals, in databases of your university library etc.; Choose a topic your already know something about. It will be easier to perform research and evaluate your sources; The majority of topics are too broad to cover them in a limited format so you should always narrow your finance topic to a manageable size that will fit your word limit. For example, the topic ‘profitability of banks’ is too broad for a term paper format so you can narrow it to ‘influence of interest rates on the profitability of banks’. Lack ideas for writing your finance paper? Here is a short list of interesting finance term paper topics that can be useful for brainstorming your own ideas. You can also use any of these topic ideas for creating your own term papers in finance. Compare Capital Markets of China and The USA; Future of The Global Financial System; What Was the Effect of The Global Financial Crisis on the Financial System of the United States? Drivers of an Economic Growth in The European Union; How Can We Predict Speculative Asset Bubbles? Analysis of The Profitability Of The USA Banks; How Does Interest Rate Influence Share Price? Aspects of Financial Performance in The Baking Sector; How Does Capital Structure Affect Profitability? Risk Management in an Enterprise. Doing Research If the topic for your research paper was given to you by your instructor, you have to analyze the prompt for keywords that explain the issue or topic, for example, argue, evaluate, discuss, prove, analyze etc. Before you start doing the research, you need to know precisely what you have to do and what content is required. Then, you’ll be able to make an informed choice of your primary and secondary sources. First, you have to plan your research and consider what sources you can use to cover your topic. You have to consult the materials that are available in your university library. You can use books and articles in printed journals or in electronic format, statistics reports, and databases. Create a preliminary list of sources and start reading. To improve your productivity, you can use scanning and skimming techniques. You should also always keep your research question in mind that will help to concentrate only on relevant sources. Reading broadly can help you get a general understanding of your topic and formulate your perspective on the topic. After that, you can focus your reading on more detailed works. You can search for texts that provide details on the issue using library databases and catalog and reference lists in journal articles. When you finish your reading, you should have a strong position on the issue that will help you create a convincing argument and write coherently. Now you can make an outline and start writing the first draft. An outline will help you keep your writing organized so you won’t miss anything and effectively present all the information you have gathered during your research. Writing Your Term Paper When you have gathered the substantive information for your term paper, you should start writing, taking into account 4 critical elements of writing – organization, documentation, style, and revision. We have already explained that all the components of a finance term paper are divided into sections – introduction, literature review, methodology, findings, discussion, and conclusion. You need to use headings and sub-headings in sections to help your readers follow your presentation. As for the style, your writing should be clear and organized. You should present facts, analysis, and theories using simple declarative sentences. You’d better avoid complex constructions that are hard to follow. As for the documentation, you must attribute all quotations and paraphrasing to the original author. You need to precisely specify data sources to help your readers find them if they would like to read more on your topic. There different formats for documenting sources – APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard etc. When writing your project, you should follow the format specified by your instructor. Typically, the author-date-page method is used to reference in the text because it is rather simple. Revision is the final key to the success of your finance term paper. You should always reread your first draft with a critical eye and make changes to improve it. Start writing your first draft to get ideas from your brain onto paper and pay attention to these critical elements while working on the term paper sections. Tips to Writing Finance Term Paper Sections: Pieces of Advice from Our Writers In the introduction, you have to state the main research problem and the thesis argument. You should identify the topic of your research and explain why it is important. You should also outline the key points that you are going to present. In the Methods section, you have to discuss the specific research methodology you have used and how you gathered data. In finance, researchers use a variety of qualitative and quantitative methods and you need to explain why you have chosen specific methods for performing your research. In the literature review, you need to provide the context of the existing knowledge in your field. You have to discuss what is known about the subject of your finance term paper. In the Results section, you have to report on data collection and present the main findings. In the Discussion section, interpret your results and discuss your findings by comparing them with the previous research. In the conclusion, you need to give an answer to the research question and offer perspective for future investigation. An abstract is written after you have completed the entire text of your finance term paper and is required when your paper is long and complex. Its length is between 100 to 300 words. You have to describe the essence of your paper and include information about the research question, methods, and key findings. Your instructor will read this part of your term paper first so you should do your best to impress him/her. How to Edit a Finance Term Paper No matter how much outlining and planning you do before you start writing, your first draft just presents raw material and you need to spend some time to make improvements in content, logic, flow, and style. Effective editing of your finance term paper could mean the difference between a good grade and an excellent one so you should devote enough time to editing your term paper. But before you start doing it, just puts your paper aside for some time so that you could edit it with fresh eyes. Editing your own paper is not easy because you have spent so much time doing research and writing your draft that you got used to your term paper and may experience the so-called writers’ blindness. But editing is a vital step in creating an impressive term paper that can get you a high grade. Here are some useful editing tips to help make your finance term paper perfect. Start the editing process by looking at your finance term paper structure. You may need to rearrange your paragraphs to make your structure more logical; Edit long sentences and paragraphs because they are more difficult to read; Improve your word choice and check overly complicated language. Try to use simple words and phrases and aim for clear and concise language; Fix the repetition of words in the same paragraph or sentence. You can rephrase them or use synonyms. Common words should be used only once in a paragraph; Don’t rely on the spellcheck because it can highlight some misspelling and typos but it can’t detect using the wrong words; Omit unnecessary words that just add to the word count to your term paper but they don’t provide any meaning; Take measures to ensure the consistent spelling of the words that have more than one correct spelling; Check the sentences and put commas where you would pause when speaking aloud; Get rid of ellipses and remove tautologies; Ensure consistent formatting that can make your paper look professional. When you edit your finance term paper and make improvements, read your paper aloud. This technique is often used by experienced writers who use it to find and fix some typical mistakes and typos. Use our easy finance term paper writing tips to achieve better grades and results.

15 Tactics To Improve Your Brands Pinterest Engagement - CoSchedule

15 Tactics To Improve Your Brands Pinterest Engagement Pinterest isnt just an awesome place to find new recipes or inspiration for a clever DIY project. Its also a great place for sharing content and marketing your brand. To connect with  your audience on Pinterest, you need to know the right tactics to drive the most engagement possible. In social media terms, engagement refers to the use of strategic, resourceful content to create meaningful interactions over time. If you search Google for  Pinterest Engagement you might find yourself looking at endless photos of engagement rings, but not here. Here you will learn  15 ways you can skyrocket your Pinterest engagement. If your brand isnt on Pinterest, it might be worth making an account. Pinterest was once known as that social media network that was all about housewives and pretty pictures, but now its comfortably taking on the big three (Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram) of social media. While 80% of users are female, men are starting to catch the Pinterest bug. In the past year, the number of male users has doubled, making them Pinterest’s fastest growing demographic. This means Pinterest has the ability to bring in a high engagement rate. But how? Lets get started and find out! Optimize Your Pinterest Posting Schedule For Maximum Engagement Optimize your Pinterest schedule (and all your other social media), with this free resource bundle. 1. Create Multiple Boards Related to Your Brand Creating multiple boards on Pinterest gives your brand more opportunity to catch your audience's attention. If you have one or two boards with 500+ random Pins, no one is going to take the time to look because your profile will look barren. On the other hand, if you have several well-organized boards that have distinct categories, your audience will be more likely to check them out. Social Media Examiner does a great job at keeping their boards organized by category: The names and descriptions of your Pinterest boards are important. Not only do they tell  users exactly what they can expect, they also assist users  in finding your content. Try to keep the names of your boards short and simple for easy readability. To create a Pinterest board, click the  Create Board  icon: Then decide the title of the board, add an optional description, and categorize what type of board you'd like: Click  create and wallah! Repeat these steps for each new Pinterest board you create. Create multiple boards on Pinterest for easy categorization.2. Repin Valuable Content From Other Accounts Just like with any social media platform, sharing others’  content is one of the best ways to show that you’re not all about you, and that you value a variety of perspectives beyond your own. The same goes for Pinterest. According to Social Marketing Writing, 80% of Pins on Pinterest are repins. To find content for repinning, follow these steps: 1. Use Pinterest's search bar to locate keywords relating to your brand. 2. After finding a Pin you want to repin, select Save: 3. Select which board of yours you want the repin to be placed on: See something great on #Pinterest? Repin it!3. Use Appealing Cover Photos for Pinterest Boards Just like Facebook, you can create cover photos for Pinterest. At , we have five distinct boards that have their own cover image to help our audience better find our content. Creating cover photos for your boards is an excellent way to establish branding. Including branding images  such as colors, logo, and style allows users to become more familiar with your visual message. Be sure to choose one or two short words that describes what type of content your board includes. To create a cover photo for your Pinterest boards, start by designing a graphic that fits with your company's branding  and is  217 X 147 pixels. Locate the board you want the image to be placed and click the  edit button: Under  Cover in the edit settings, click  Change. Select the graphic you just added to be your cover photo. Once you've selected the photo, click  Save Changes. Repeat these step for each of your Pinterest boards. Give your #Pinterest boards creative cover images.4. Use Long Images  To Stand Out On Boards Don't be a square, be a rectangle when it comes to Pinterest images. Pinterest is a visual playground for your audience, so it's important that your Pin stands out above the rest. Tall images are proven to be more eye-catching and easier to read than wide ones because it's much easier to scroll vertically than horizontally. Taller images- those containing more "content"- tend to get more repins than shorter images. Think infographic-style image like this Pin: Here's a few fun facts about Pinterest images from Design School: Images with multiple dominant colors have 3.25 times more repins than images with only a single dominant color. Images containing less than 30% background are repinned the most. Images with less than 10% background receive between 2-4 times more repins than images with more than 40% background. Red, orange and brown images get twice as many repins than blue images. Less than 1/5 of images on Pinterest are of faces. Similarly, a brand image is 23% more likely to be repinned if the image does not have a face in it. The next time you design an image for Pinterest, try making it the ideal size of 725 pixels wide x 1102 pixels high. Recommended Reading: How To Get More Followers On Pinterest With 21+ Tactics That Will Grow Your Following 5. Have Conversations and Say 'Thank You' Pinterest is a social media platform after all, so it's time to get social! Pinterest allows users to have conversations with each other through direct messages. To send a direct message, simply click the paper airplane icon and type in the name of the user you want to send the Pin to. To use direct messaging for Pinterest marketing, Positionly  offers the following advice: Reach out to fans who have liked a product offering them assistance in purchasing the item. Offer thanks to followers through a personalized message for re-pinning one of your pins. Send out personalized coupons or gift cards to star re-pinners and get them to transact on your site. Set up group conversations with like-minded followers. Help them connect with each other and your brand on topics of mutual interest. Another way to interact with your audience on Pinterest is by saying thank you. When someone retweets you on Twitter, you thank them for mentioning you. When someone shares your post on Facebook, you comment thanking the user for sharing. On Pinterest it is no different. If you see someone has repinned your Pin, then make the effort to go to their Board, and make a comment saying â€Å"thanks† for repinning.  This tactic is  overlooked on Pinterest, and by doing it, you could bring yourself some great engagement with other Pinners. To thank a user: Find the Pin you want to comment on. Click  comments  on the bottom left corner of the Pin. Type your 'thank you' message and click the red comment button. See someone repin your content on #Pinterest? Be sure to thank them.6. Add Group Boards  for More Exposure Creating your own Group Board gives you the upper hand in deciding many things, including who you want to add as collaborators. This also provides you with access to the group’s analytics. By creating a group board, you are allowing collaborators of your choice to add Pins and share ideas.  Your audience may already be liking, commenting and sharing your content with their followers on Pinterest, but inviting them to pin to your brand’s group board will get them more engaged and involved in your online conversation. To make your own Group Board: Click the first tab with the plus-sign symbol on it- this creates a new board. Add keywords to the group’s name for better visibility in the search results. Add a brief description about the group board and its goals. Also include the rules for users that seek membership in your group within your description. Add the usernames or email IDs of any users interested in contributing to your board. Recommended Reading: How To Increase Visibility With Social Media Optimization 7. Use Pinterest Analytics to Find What Your Audience Wants Want to know how your content is performing? Use Pinterest’s built-in analytics  to check what boards have the most impressions, clicks, and repins. In oder to build engagement with your followers, you need to have a basic understanding of what's working and what's not. This video from Pinterest will show you how to get started with Pinterest Analytics: Get the most out of your Pins by understanding analytic data. Maybe you'll find out that you're posting at the wrong times or not posting enough. Pinterest has it's own analytics system to ensure you're doing all the right things. Be sure to check out your reach in Pinterest Analytics, this metric matters most for engagement. It will be purple in color: You can locate your brand's Pinterest analytics in the top left corner of the Pinterest homepage. Recommended Reading: How To Use Social Media Analytics To Create The Best Content 8. Schedule Pins at the Best Possible Times If you want to max out your engagement scale, then you need to make sure your audience can see your content. After doing some research on the best times to post on Pinterest, these are the results: Saturdays are your best bet for reaching Pinterest users- and later at night. Saturdays at 8–11 p.m. Fridays at 3 p.m. General awesome times to Pin to  Pinterest: 8–11 p.m. with 9 p.m. peak 2–4 a.m. and 2–4 p.m. 1–3 p.m.Are you scheduling #Pinterest pins at the best times?You can use Pinterest analytics to analyze the days of the week when you typically get the best results. Recommended Reading: What 16 Studies Say About The Best Times To Post On Social Media 9. Use Rich Pins to Include More  Detailed Information First of all, what the heck is a Rich Pin? Rich Pins are Pins that include extra information right on the Pin itself. There are 6 types of Rich Pins: App Movie Recipe Article Product Place This pin from Whole Foods  (shared in another post by Social Media Examiner) is an example of a Recipe Rich Pin: And here is an example of a Movie Rich Pin: Rich Pins require more work than the other Pinterest strategies above because you’ll need to add meta tags to  your website and then apply to have Rich Pins  enabled,  but these Pins stand out and make the whole user experience better. If necessary, talk to a developer to help implement the right meta data. Use rich pins to make your #Pinterest content stand out.10. Create Pinterest Promoted Ads The quickest way to boost your Pinterest engagement rate is to create an ad. You can decide how long you want the ad to run for, how much you want to spend, and who you want to target. You are in complete control. To create a Pinterest ad: Pick a Pin. Promote your best Pins so they appear in the most relevant places. Decide who sees it. Set up targeting so the right people see your Promoted Pin. Pay for results. Choose to pay for engagement or visits to your site. Track what's working. Pinterest ads will show up with the words "Promoted Pin" in the bottom left corner. Be sure to use a stunning image to catch your reader's eye as they scroll through their Pinterest feed and keywords for maximum reach. Promote pins to reach more people and drive higher engagement.11. Include a Call-to-Action Adding a call-to-action is a quick way to get your readers to engage with your content. According to Quicksprout,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"there is an 80% increase in engagement for pins that contain a call to action.† Try adding relevant descriptions that ask for clicks, repins, or comments. Include a call-to-action either in the image or in the description. Some simple call-to-actions include: Share this post Pin it for later Click here for your free download Register today RSVP here Sign up here Don't be shy to create call-to-action images to your Pinterest profile. You can't argue with an 80% increase in engagement! Recommended Reading: How To Write A Call To Action In A Template With 6 Examples 12. Install the Pin It Button Want to drive engagement from your website or blogs to Pinterest? Then you need the Pin It button! This Pin It button is  a button that allows users to pin an image in a few clicks, making the process faster and easier.  The BEST part about the Pin It button is that once you install it, your work is done! Your website visitors and readers can Pin your content for you, and their followers will see the activity on Pinterest. 62% of brands have Pin It buttons, including us! All of our blogs include the Pinterest Pin It button: Learn how to install  your Pin It button here. Recommended Reading: The Ultimate Guide On How To Use Pinterest For Marketing 13. Write Killer Social Messages Let your readers know what you're sharing. Pin descriptions between 100 and 200 characters get repinned the most, according to Social Marketing Writing. You should write a brief social message to describe the image or the blog post the image will lead to. Pin descriptions between 100 and 200 characters get repinned the mostYour social message is a good indicator of what readers can expect when they click on your Pin. Try asking a question, sharing a quick tip, or providing a benefit. Here are some ways you can write better Pinterest descriptions: Create  a keyword-rich description. Share helpful details. Don't include hashtags. Keep it short -  only about 75-100 characters of your description will appear in grid view. Recommended Reading: This Is How To Write For Social Media To Create The Best Posts 14. Create  Tutorials and Guides to Show Your Audience How to Get Something Done Remember that part about creating long images for Pinterest? You can use this to your advantage by creating a visual step-by-step guide for your users. Tutorials and guides have 42% higher click through rates than other Pins. To create a step-by-step guide: Plan out each step. Write your image copy. Assemble images together that match your image copy. Include steps, copy, and images into one Pin. Show your users exactly how to do something on Pinterest by using images and text. You can even upload a video to Pinterest for a quick demonstration. ProBlogger  shared these tips to uploading a  video from your YouTube account: Make sure you have an active YouTube channel. Make sure your videos are branded (have a similar theme so users can easily recognize). Create a Pinterest board specifically for your YouTube channel. Grab your YouTube embedded link. Upload a new Pin. Select the appropriate board. Add a description. You can locate the embedded code by  Share  button on a YouTube video, then selecting the  Embed option. You can also Pin directly from YouTube by clicking on the Pinterest icon under the  Share option: Recommended Reading: 5 Teaching Theories That Will Improve Your Educational Content Marketing 15. Pin Often (And Pin Consistently) Want to increase your Pinterest engagement by 150%? Then you need to post Pins often, roughly 10 times a day. Decide what Pins you want scheduled and let do the work for you. We'll even use our Best Time Scheduling feature to make sure your Pins go out at the peak times. You'll never have to worry about Pins not posting or  your audience seeing 10 pins in a row with . Studies have shown that users who pin 15 to 30 times a day get the best results. These should be spread throughout the day. Schedule your Pins to go out approximately every hour. Recommended Reading: This Is The Social Media Posting Schedule That Will Boost Your Traffic By 192% What Are Some of Your Favorite Pinterest Engagement Tactics? Pinterest is a great social media platform for marketing use and a huge potential source for traffic. Take advantage of  these tactics the next time you log into Pinterest. Get ready to create some awesome Pins for your users and get that engagement rate up! P.S Have you heard!? has Pinterest integration. Save time and get organized today for FREE:  http://.com/signup

Choose one of the theorists of power discussed in Week 3, and discuss Essay

Choose one of the theorists of power discussed in Week 3, and discuss the extent to which their ideas are relevant to understand the distribution and exercise o - Essay Example Going further it is very clear from the review of the literature that these thinkers were influenced by the events that shaped their world and also by the contribution of the previous generation of philosophers. Thus it is important to remember that their views can be only understood in the context of these experiences. Since, there is a progressive development in their ideas as time progresses, there is no point of comparison. Yet if one is asked to choose which among them is more relevant to understanding the present system of governance or the various leadership models found in the modern world, then there must be no hesitation to choose the classical theorist Max Weber. The following reasons supports this view. Using these three questions as guidelines, it would be beneficial to have an overview of the different theories by the other philosophers to provide a point of comparison. By looking at their respective historical we see a linear development from Medieval period up to the more recent era. Max Weber continued writing even up to the 20th century and undoubtedly his ideas were shaped by the leapfrogging developments in politics and social sciences at the turn of the century. Contrast Webers background and experiences to Niccolo Machiavelli who lived in a period commonly known as the Dark Ages. This is a time before the Reformation, Renaissance and age of scientific progress. His magnum opus, a book entitled The Prince was written in 1515 AD, in the midst of a society where despots and authoritarian rulers are a norm (Wheeler, 2006, par.3, â€Å"The Prince†). Thomas Hobbes on the other hand was born a mere century after Machiavelli and his theory of power was based on the understanding of a world ruled by kings, queens and popes. His ideas supported the necessity of a monarchical government and even assert that order can be attained by following this type of rule. Hobbes was forced to support monarchy only

Project 3 plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Project 3 plan - Essay Example Furthermore, information pertaining to the hazards brought about by highly hazardous chemicals in the process is also to be explored. This information includes permissible exposure limits, the reactivity and corrosiveness of the chemicals, toxicity, and data on thermal and chemical stability. Process flow diagrams and charts such as those revealed by ReVelle (2003) are also essential in conceptualizing process safety management. Process safety information in PSM should cover the information pertaining to its technology and equipment. This is to involve construction materials diagrams on how the implementation of piping and other instruments are to be laid, electrical classification and design basis alongside other vital information. In this project we will also cover the process hazard analysis procedures used in PSM as discussed in the DOE Handbook (2004). The process is to involve identification, evaluation, and control of the hazards involves in it. This project is important as it will also reveal some of the ways in which previous incidents which had the potential of causing catastrophic consequences can be prevented in workplaces. This is achievable through identification of engineering and administrative controls applicable to the hazards. In this context, it is necessary to identify and describe major training requirements, major safety systems and their functions, and major steps of operating procedures. Most of these involve employees as they are the ones likely to fall victims. Should this project be done, ways through which catastrophes can be minimized or prevented shall be revealed. Besides that, safety and health considerations against highly hazardous chemicals shall also be

Homeostatic Balances Essay Example for Free

Homeostatic Balances Essay

Nazi Prosecution :: essays research papers fc

What has been achieved by prosecuting Nazis alleged to have committed crimes against the Jews? "While fighting for victory the German soldier will observe the rules for chivalrous warfare. Cruelties and senseless destruction are below his standard" , or so the commandment printed in every German Soldiers paybook would have us believe. Yet during the Second World War thousands of Jews were victims of war crimes committed by Nazi's, whose actions subverted the code of conduct they claimed to uphold and contravened legislation outlined in the Geneva Convention. It is this legislature that has paved the way for the Jewish community and political leaders to attempt to redress the Nazi's violation, by prosecuting individuals allegedly responsible. Convicting Nazi criminals is an implicit declaration by post-World War II society that the Nazi regime's extermination of over five million Jews won't go unnoticed. Many of the alleged Nazi war criminals that were captured had attempted to evade prosecution shortly before the end of the war. Some opted for suicide, rather than risk capture while others used the Austrian and German Underground offers of fake passports and other means of forged identification to assume a new identity . A choice opted for by many, that virtually guaranteed them a new life with remote chance of detection was to travel to the Anglo-American countries after immigration quotas were raised. Over 4000 Nazi criminals sought refuge in Australia . Many lied about their history to gain entry into their new home and proceeded to blend in, unnoticed by our government. They were no longer Nazi criminals but new citizens with a hidden past. Lists of suspected criminals were compiled and alleged perpetrators systematically captured and put to trial. In 1943, under Soviet leadership the first war crime trials were conducted, however the first trial to involve the Allied powers was the Nuremburg International Military Tribunal in 1945 . The International Military Tribunal (IMT), set out to prosecute 22 defendants comprising largely of the administration arm of the Third Reich . The American's initially wished to indict whole Nazi organisations for their crimes. This focus was soon altered to determine the accountability of particular individuals. The accused were tried under at least two of the following four headings devised for indictment. The first count was the "formulation of a common plan or conspiracy"; two, "crimes against peace (planning and waging a war of aggression

Working Capital Managment

Management Of Working Capital Introduction Working Capital-Definition Working Capital is the cash needed to pay for the day to day operation of the business. Along with long term investments , business also needs funds for short-term purposes to finance current operations. Investment in short term assets like cash, inventories, debtors etc. , is called ‘Short-term Funds’ or ‘Working Capital’. Hence, the management of Working Capital is very important for the smooth running of business. Calcution of Working CapitalWorking Capital of a company is the difference between the Current Assets and the Current Liabilities of the company. Working capital=Current Assets-Current Liabilities Current Assets: Assets of the business held in the form of cash(e. g cash at the bank) or that can be quickly turned into cash. Current Assests Stocks Cash Debtors Investments Current Liabilities: Money owed by a business organization which is to be paid within next 12 months Current Liabilities Trade Creditors DividendsTaxation Short term loans Circulating capital – working capital is also known as circulating capital or current capital. ’ â€Å"The use of the term circulating capital instead of working capital indicates that its flow is circular in nature. † Structure of Working Capital The different elements or components of current assets and current liabilities constitute the structure of working capital which can be illustrated in the shape of a chart as follows: Working Capital Cycle makes it clear that the amount of cash is obtained mainly from issue of shares, borrowing and operations.Cash funds are used to purchase fixed assets, raw materials and used to pay to creditors. The raw materials are processed; wages and overhead expenses are paid which in result produce finished goods for sale. Working Capital circulation is like the blood circulation in the human body as once it stops the whole business becomes lifeless. Classification of Working Capital Working Capital can be classified in various ways. Conceptual classification – There are two concept of working capital viz. , quantitative and qualitative.The quantitative concept takes into account as the current assets while the qualitative concept takes into account the excess of current assets over current liabilities. Deficit of working capital exists where the amount of current liabilities exceeds the amount of current assets. The above can be summarized as follows: (i) Gross Working Capital = Total Current Assets (ii) Net Working Capital = Excess of Current Assets over Current Liabilities (iii) Working Capital Deficit = Excess of Current Liabilities over Current Assets. Classification on the basis of financial reports – The nformation of working capital can be collected from Balance Sheet or Profit and Loss Account; as such the working capital may be classified as follows: (i) Cash Working Capital– This is calculated from the informat ion contained in profit and loss account. This concept of working capital has assumed a great significance in recent years as it shows the adequacy of cash flow in business. It is based on ‘Operating Cycle Concept’s (ii) Balance Sheet Working Capital– The data for Balance Sheet Working Capital is collected from the balance sheet. On this basis the Working Capital can also be divided in three more types, viz. gross Working Capital, net Working Capital and Working Capital deficit. Classification on the Basis of Variability – Gross Working Capital can be divided in two categories viz. ,(i) permanent or fixed working capital, and (ii) Temporary, Seasonal or variable working capital. Such type of classification is very important for hedging decisions. (i) Temporary Working Capital – Temporary Working Capital is also called as fluctuating or seasonal working capital. This represents additional investment needed during prosperity An favorable seasons. It i ncreases with the growth of the business. Temporary working capital is the additional assets required to meet the variations in sales above the permanent level. † This can be calculated as follows: Temporary Working Capital = Total Current Assets – permanent Current Assets (ii) Permanent Working Capital – It is a part of total current assets which is not changed due to variation in sales. There is always a minimum level of cash, inventories, and accounts receivables which is always maintained in the business even if sales are reduced to a minimum. Amount of such investment is called as permanent working capital. Permanent Working Capital is the amount of working capital that persists over time regardless of fluctuations in sales. † This is also called as regular working capital. Importance of Working Capital Management For smooth running an enterprise, adequate amount of working capital is very essential. Efficiency in this area can help, to utilize fixed a ssets gainfully, to assure the firm’s long- term success and to achieve the overall goal of maximization of the shareholders, fund. Shortage or bad management of cash may result in loss of cash discount and loss of reputation due to non-payment of obligation on due dates.Insufficient inventories may be the main cause of production held up and it may compel the enterprises to purchase raw materials at unfavorable rates. Like-wise facility of credit sale is also very essential for sales promotions. It is rightly observed that â€Å"many a times business failure takes place due to lack of working capital. Adequate working capital provides a cushion for bad days, a concern can pass its period of depression without much difficulty. The significance of adequate working capital is â€Å"to avoid interruption in the production schedule and maintain sales, a concern equires funds to finance inventories and receivables. † The adequacy of cash and current assets together with th eir efficient handling virtually determines the survival or demise of a concern. An enterprise should maintain adequate working capital for its smooth functioning. Both, excessive working capital and inadequate working capital will impair the profitability and general health of a concern. The danger of excessive working capital are as follows: Heavy investment in fixed assets –A concern may invest heavily in its fixed assets which is not justified by actual sales.This may create situation of over capitalization. Reckless purchase of materials- Inventory is purchased recklessly which results in dormant slow moving and obsolete inventory. At the same time it may increase the cost due to mishandling, waste, theft, etc. Speculative tendencies – Speculative tendencies may increase and if profit is increased dividend distribution will also increase. This will hamper the image of a concern in future when speculative loss may start. Liberal credit – Due to liberal credi t, size of accounts receivables will also increase.Liberal credit facility can increase bad debts and wrong practices will start, regarding delay in payments. Carelessness – Excessive working capital will lead to carelessness about costs which will adversely affect the profitability. Paucity of working capitalist also bad and has the following dangers: 1. Implementation of operating plans becomes difficult and a concern may not achieve its profit target. 2. It is difficult to pay dividend due to lack of funds. 3. Bargaining capacity is reduced in credit purchases and cash discount could not be availed. 4.An enterprise looses its reputation when it becomes difficult even to meet day-to- day commitments. 5. Operating inefficiencies may creep in when a concern cannot meet it financial promises. 6. Stagnates growth as the funds are not available for new projects. 7. A concern will have to borrow funds at an exorbitant rate of interest in case of need. 8. Sometimes, a concern may be bound to sale its product at a very reduced rates to collect funds which may harm its image. Meaning of Working Capital Management The management of current assets, current liabilities and inter-relationship between them is termed as working capital management. Working capital management is concerned with problems that arise in attempting to manage the current assets, the current liabilities and the inter-relationship that exist between them. † In practice, â€Å"There is usually a distinction made between the investment decisions concerning current assets and the financing of working capital. † From the above, the following two aspects of working capital management emerges: (1) To determine the magnitude of current assets or â€Å"level of working capital† and (2) To determine the mode of financing or â€Å"hedging decisions. Significance of Working Capital Management Funds are needed in every business for carrying on day-to-day operations. Working capital f unds are regarded as the life blood of a business firm. A firm can exist and survive without making profit but cannot survive without working capital funds. If a firm is not earning profit it may be termed as ‘sick’, but, not having working capital may cause its bankruptcy working capital in order to survive. The alternatives are not pleasant. Bankruptcy is one alternative. Being acquired on unfavorable term as another.Thus, each firm must decide how to balance the amount of working capital it holds, against the risk of failure. † Working capital has acquired a great significance and sound position in the recent past for the twin objects of profitability and liquidity. In period of rising capital costs and scare funds, the working capital is one of the most important areas requiring management review. It is rightly observed that, â€Å"Constant management review is required to maintain appropriate levels in the various working capital accounts. †Mainly the success of a concern depends upon proper management of working capital so â€Å"working capital management has been looked upon as the driving seat of financial manager. † It consumes a great deal of time to increase profitability as well as to maintain proper liquidity at minimum risk. There are many aspects of working capital management which make it an important function of the finance manager. In fact we need to know when to look for working capital funds, how to use them and how measure, plan and control them. A study of working capital management is very important for internal and external experts.Sales expansion, dividend declaration, plants expansion, new product line, increase in salaries and wages ,rising price level, etc. , put added strain on working capital maintenance. Failure of any enterprise is undoubtedly due to poor management and absence of management skill. Importance of working capital management stems from two reasons, viz. , (i) A substantial portion o f total investment is invested in current assets, and (ii) level of current assets and current liabilities will change quickly with the variation in sales.Though fixed assets investment and long-term borrowing will also response to the changes in sales, but its response will be weak. Conclusion Although some companies began the process of improving their working capital management five or even 10 years ago, many others were driven to focus on the issues by funding disruptions and cash shortages brought by the global crisis. The effects of the many challenges faced by large companies during that period are evident today in both operational practices and strategic priorities.

Legalizing Prostitution Essay

Your Grade: 90.4 A- Informative introduction to the topic, a controversial issue (worth 15%)87 ~political or historical context ~facts or statistics ~examples or anecdotes ~quotations from authorities and experts Informative introduction to two sources (web pages, articles, editorials, or essays) and their opposing positions on the issue (worth 20%)90 ~two authors’ names ~their professional affiliations or credentials ~titles of the two sources ~publication information ~each author’s thesis Analytical and constructive analysis of the opposing positions (worth 40%)88 ~points of disagreement (values, moral principles, ideology, needs and interests, fears and concerns, priorities or agendas) ~points of agreement (over same, values etc.) ~suggestions for developing the conversation, building common ground, possibly striking a compromise Fair and impartial presentation (worth 10%)100 ~represent each side fairly and accurately ~be clear your purpose is to highlight and foster common ground ~don’t judge either of the opposing positions ~give equal attention to both Readable structure (worth 10%)95 ~thesis and forecasting statement/s (saying that in the face of disagreement common ground exists) ~topic sentences for paragraphs ~consistent labels for the opposing positions (e.g. authors’ last names) ~transitional words or phrases Sentence-level issues (worth 5%)93 ~following the guidelines on style, syntax, and punctuation that I’ve covered in PP presentations Rulx Muller Malbranche Nathanael Tagg 06/03/2013 Eng. 101 Legalizing Prostitution Considered as the world’s oldest job, prostitution has hunted society for ages. In some culture, it is seen as taboo, while in the United States the debate of legalizing it is prevailing. As a fact, prostitution cannot be put aside, something have to be done about it. Therefore, people from different background want to convey their point of view by any means possible. Some individuals come to say that prostitution should be legalized because it is a consensus between two people, and therefore, it should be respected. While others advance the principle of ethics, values and morals. In any case, this debate is in course, and prostitution on the other hand is still practiced, legalized or not. In 2012, an article appeared in the New York Times magazine called â€Å"Legality brings protection and better care†. Chika Unigwe, PhD; the Nigerian-born author gives some of the reasons why prostitution should no longer be without law controls. She argues that where prostitution is illegal, women are more at risk of being violated by their customers, because they are by themselves; without help from any other. Cecilia Hoffman, Secretary of the Coalition against Trafficking in Women, wrote in 1997 a paper, â€Å"Sex: From Human Intimacy to Sexual Labor†. In this text she asserts that â€Å"prostitution  violate the right to physical and moral integrity† and also â€Å"the right to liberty and security†; therefore, it should not be legalized. Admittedly, Unigwe and Hoffman seem to be on different sides of the question. However, both share a common ambition, which is to protect women in general. Unigue states that, â€Å"criminalizing prostitution does not irradiate it†¦, it gives the customers in unfair advantage†. (Chika Unigwe, nytimes,com, April 19, 2012). From her point of view, the fact that we associate prostitution with crime and violence does not eliminate its existence. It reinforces the customers to take profit of the situation, knowing that it is a dirty game; therefore they should also play dirty. For Unigwe, legalizing prostitution will give women better advantages in this practice. Whereas Hoffman, who does not consider the advantages that would bring such legalization. She focuses instead in the consequences of prostitution in real life. She declares that â€Å"Prostitution violates the prohibition of slavery , of force labor and trafficking in person†(catwap.wordpress.com, Cecilia Hoffman, n.d).It is clear that for Hoffman prostitution have too much negative effects on women, that should not lead to its legalization. Unigwe continues to emphasize the benefits of legalizing this old practice by asserting that it would give support to women who need help in the business. â€Å"Pimp have these illegal prostitutes in their power because the women can find no resource to help† (Chika Unigwe, nytimes,com, April 19, 2012). According to her, the fact that women are suffering in this practice is undeniable, thus, their need for help is prevailing. The legality of prostitution, for the author, will protect the right for women to be safer in their practice, to have the laws and regulations as their backup in any case of attack or violation. On the other hand, Hoffman does not comply with this point of view; she belittles the practice of prostitution in itself. Conforming to her view point, prostitution is a set of violations of human’s right. â€Å"It violates the right to enjoy the highest standard of physical and mental health† (catwap.wordpress.com, Cecilia Hoffman, n.d). She implies the violence, diseases, unwanted pregnancies, and unsafe abortion, all part of the common problems encountered in prostitution. For this reason, legalizing this practice also means legalizing diseases, unsafe abortion and so forth, something that Hoffman would totally disagree upon. Besides Hoffman ideas, there are other points to denote. Unigwe would say that the rate of disease is high among the prostitutes because many of them do not have easy access to health care as the legal workers. â€Å" even though some charity organization provide health care for illegal sex workers, many of them are reluctant and fear to accept the help† (Chika Unigwe, nytimes,com, april 19, 2012). The fact for these prostitutes to be illegal, cause them to resort to stay in darkness in order to survive. According to Unigwe, there is a way to decrease the rate of diseases between the prostitutes, which is by making prostitution legal. Subsequently, they will have better access to health care; there will be no fear among them of being marginalized. Both Unigwe and Hoffman are aware of the consequences or effects of prostitution on women in particular. This shared value- women right prevails- constitute a common ground between the two sides. Both have a common preoccupation, but they have different ways of expressing it. Nevertheless, this common ground does not lead them to the same conclusion. Hoffman is totally against the legality of prostitution, considering it as a humiliation or degradation of women values, reducing them to â€Å"simple commodity† to be â€Å"bought and sold†. She stands against prostitution as a practice, and considers it as an aberration that need to be eradicated in our society; if possible. However, Unigwe is more open minded on the subject, while being against the problems encountered by the prostitutes. In contrast with Hoffman, she proposes the benefits related to such legality, both for the women and for society. She advances that:â€Å"women who work legally have better access to health care, protection against violent customers and protection against exploitation†( Chika Unigwe, nytimes,com, april 19, 2012). She also believes that society gains money from such legality, precisely through income tax revenues. In her point of view, this is a good approach to face the blatant phenomenon of prostitution. As two sociological active people, Hoffman and Unigwe are obviously emphasizing the need for women to be treated fairly well. Hoffman believes  that the female gender would be more protected and considered if prostitution’s rate was decreasing; thus legalizing it is out of her list. Whereas Unigwe, who consider the fact that there is actually prostitutes who are suffering in order to survive. Based on this, she thinks of the legality of prostitution as a way to help them in their cause. Although Hoffman and Unigwe view prostitution on different angles, they shared a key value that can probably lead them to a consensus in the future. Work cited Chika Unigwe, Legality Brings Protection and Better Care, The New York Time website, april 19, 2012. Cecilia Hoffman, â€Å" Sex: From human intimacy to sexual labor†, CATW-AP website, n.d.

Michael Klare Journal Responses Essay

Michael Klare Journal Responses Essay Michael Klare Journal Responses Essay Michael Klare Journal Responses Essay 1. Michael Klare describes what he calls a new â€Å"Thirty Years War† that is now developing that has similar outlines of the earlier conflict (1618 – 1648) discussed in class. What are some of the similarities and differences between the two? According to Michael Klare the most important future problem on our planet will be connected with the energy pre-eminence. Such fuels as coal and oil will plummet as those, which contaminate the atmosphere with carbon dioxide. As a result of the impossibility to preserve the existing level of energy output, there will begin a struggle between the energy supplying corporations. According to his prediction the contest between those, which supply different forms of energy to humanity, will put some countries into a dominating position but have a devastating effect on the others. Marking out such energy resources, which would replace oil and coal, as natural gas, nuclear power, wind and solar, biofuels and algae, hydrogen, and some other, which are unknown yet, he believes that the future competing technologies would define the fate of the nations. Therefore, the reason for the war will be not only profitability of the winners, but also the survival of the nations, unlike the Thirty Year s War of 1618-1648, which was entailed by the territory claims. Though the brutal conflicts, which took place between the European countries at the period from 1618 to 1648, have brought much bloodshed, which will not be brought by the energy contest, Klare draws a parallel between these two events because both should be momentous for the future. The struggle between the vital resources will cause the armed violence and, consequently, numerous environmental disasters on the planet. Another common feature between the two events is its endurance of thirty years, exactly this much are necessary for the experimental energy systems to fullscale the industrial development. Nevertheless, if the old â€Å"Thirty Years War† resulted in the Treaty of Westphalia it is difficult to predict the results of the new one. Nevertheless, it is obvious that the winners will profit enormously and define the way the people on the Earth will live while the losers will be disremembered. 2. Concerning the text reading and the film, do you agree with Machiavelli that it is better for the Prince to be parsimonious, rather than generous? Feared or loved? Do you agree or disagree with his analysis of leadership with regard to our foreign policy towards Iran? The power of the country is a great responsibility, and, I support Machiavelli’s idea that state leaders and politicians must consider the final result more important than the means. The actions of the ruler must contribute the overall goals on the national or international level rather than consider the details. Moreover, it is widely known that the better decisions are mostly made when the mind is cold and calculating; therefore, I believe that the ruler should always calculate the positive and negative aspects of the decision and, finally, make a decision. The emotions rarely lead to making the right choice; therefore, compassion and generosity are not good advisors for a leader. Moreover, I also agree that fear of punishment is more effective than love. If a diligent Christian must be generous and filled with love, it necessary to emphasize that such model of behavior is not appropriate to ruling a big country. Consequently, it is better for the Price to be parsimonious ra ther than generous and feared rather than loved. Such priorities are more likely to bring the country to stability and order, which is to be the main aim of the Prince. Love and respect of the population is less important. Nevertheless, it is worth to avoid cruelty if there is a possible way to do it, and the first aim should not be harmed because of it. Regarding the foreign policy of the US towards Iran, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the primary aim of the United States is to prevent the nuclear weapons falling into the hand of the terrorists. Iran is one of the most volatile regions in the world; therefore, if it gets the nuclear power, this nation can become even more aggressive and bring impunity to the cruel terroristic acts. Consequently, according to Obama it is appropriate to use the most crippling sanctions towards Iran and, to my mind, such position is right because on such example preventing the growth of terrorism and disposing it from the peaceful i nhabitants must be the primary aim of the leaders. 3. Do you believe that Keohane’s use of the phrase â€Å"informal violence† is a useful alternative to the term terrorism? Has the term terrorism become too politicized to be useful as an analytical term? If so, why? Acts of terrorism are shocking, hurtful and can influence different societies. One of such examples described by many researchers, among which one can find Robert Keohane, is the one, which took place in the US on September, 11, 2001. Numerous scholars try to find out the reasons, which can explain the terrorism and ways to avoid it. Referring to Keohane’s point of view, using the term â€Å"terrorism† does not contribute to the right representation of the problem. The term â€Å"informal violence† is used to free the notion of terrorism from the negative connotation, which hinders one to understand and analyze it properly. He marks out that this connotation makes people doubtful about highlighting the difference between terrorism acts as enemies’ ones and not their own ones. This proves that the term â€Å"terrorism† has become too politicized and negatively marked. At the same time the analytically neutral term â€Å"informal violence† is m ore likely to be defined as deliberately targeted attacks on civilians, aimed to frighten other people. Such definition pushes one to reflect on the reasons, which can possibly cause the above mentioned attacks. Robert Keohame, for instance, regards globalization as the factor, which carries terrorism while the underlying reasons can be not only cultural hate, but also jealousy to what the others have It is also important to pay attention to the implications of the formal and informal violence globalization as the formal violence one is profound for traditional foreign policy conceptions in the earlier generation while the informal one is peculiar for the latest attacks on the peaceful citizens. Moreover, the word â€Å"informal† in the chosen phrase acknowledges that the violence is not wielded by the formal state institutions, but is unexpected and sudden. Consequently, this highlights the difference between formal and informal actions and defines the origin of the terroris tic acts as those of non-state actors. 4. How does Lenin explain the evolution of imperialism from capitalism? The transition from capitalism to imperialism has happened in the end of the nineteenth century – beginning of the twentieth century. One of the most important features, which differs these two economic systems is free competition, which is a characteristic of the first one, and domination of the extensive monopolistic capital, which does not exclude, but complicates the free competition, in imperialism. According to Lenin the imperialism is not a new way of manufacturing, but a special, â€Å"high† stage of capitalism. The basic capitalistic manufacturing methods are also efficient in imperialism, but some new essential features appear. The first is the concentration of production and of capital has attained the level, where the monopolies, which play a definitive role in the economic life of the country, are created. The second feature is that bank capital shares with the industrial one, and, as a result, a new financial capital of the financial oligarchy appears. One more definitive feature is that the export of the capital unlike the export of goods becomes exceptionally important by the monopolistic production. The next one is the division of the whole world by monopolistic unions of capitalists. The last definitive feature is that the territory division by the biggest capitalistic countries is finished. Nevertheless, Lenin has finally come to the conclusion that imperialism can be regarded as a dying capitalism. The further historical events have proven that he was right about it. The main reasons of the decline of this economic system were the numerous contradictions, which have brought imperialism to the uttermost limits. The labors oppression by the monopolistic capital is the central contradiction of capitalism and, therefore, imperialism. The number of exploiters, who plunder and depress not only the working class, but also the middle class, the lower middle class, decreases while the number of the labor class increases. As a result, th e young developing countries stand against the imperialistic ones; and the national liberation movement, which leads to imperialism decline, is originated. 5. According to Tickner, why does a feminist perspective on international relations continue to remain outside the mainstream of traditional approaches to IR theory? How would a feminist analysis of global terrorism differ from that of a realist? According to Tickner’s view the gender discourses play a great role in creating the hostile atmosphere and reinforcing it in the world politics. Though some terroristic leaders labeled the US as â€Å"feminized†, the American citizens mostly do not think so. Moreover, many scholars and politicians even do not understand the gender theory properly and finally do not refer to it by handling the conflicts. Most of the conflicts on the international level are managed with â€Å"a masculine approach†, or â€Å"hegemonic masculinity† as Tickner calls it. The gender identity is mostly associated with an accepted type of behavior. Men are encoded to be reasonable, powerful, independent and strong; women should be vulnerable, weak, passive, and bring peace. These are the identifying characteristics, which are regarded by Tickner as unfair and erroneous. Such stereotype of masculine behavior does not coincide with the real one and the feministic approach tends to qu estion such gender coding, which is taken for granted, but in reality is not the truth. The war in Iraq or the acts of terrorism are also regarded by her as a masculine approach. Though the military response is regarded as masculine approach, female representatives also supported this war. Nevertheless, the feminists doubt about comprehending the war with terrorism as the fight of the good against the evil. The dichotomous thinking is apprehended as quite problematic by the feminists as ambiguity is considered by them as quite dangerous. Regarding the terrorism from the feministic point of view it is important to emphasize that killing of innocent people must be brought to justice. Regarding the feminist geopolitics it important to mark out that the state security and militarization are regarded as the main point, which would help to keep peace in the country and as such approach is critical and does not provide a new political or geography theory, but the alternative view on the pr oblems from another point of view. 6. Fukuyama contends in â€Å"The West Has Won† that radical Islam does not constitute a serious alternative to Western liberal democracy. Do you agree or disagree? Why? According to Fukuyama’s view, which has been challenged by many scholars, the evolutionary process regarding liberal democracy and free markets is not going to bring the world to something larger than the end. This means that, as a result, only one system will dominate in the world politics, and this system is the modern western liberal democracy. I support his view, and find many of his arguments quite logical, philosophical, and, finally, correct. The existing economic systems are closely connected with the cultures of the countries; therefore, two different examples should be marked out – the Islamic and the Christian one. Regarding their opposition on the example of the modern US and Iraq society, it is essential to highlight that the representatives of the Muslim community are obviously more cruel, aggressive and inclined to terrorism. On the contrary, for the Christians democracy and sympathy towards others can be marked out as the highest values, which make peopl e more kind and supportive.   As the most successful attacks on the global capitalism were evidently committed by the Islamic extremists â€Å"the clash of civilizations† described by Huntington is not likely to have place because two cultural groups, which are so different are not likely to co-exist in one community peacefully. Nevertheless, if the Muslims radically review their views, it is possible to change the lifestyle of their community. Regardless the success of the radical Islam in some cases, the representatives of it have no appeal to dispose the liberal form of living as nowadays there exist many examples, which prove that a great part of the younger Islamic generation already prefers to have a similar to western lifestyle. At the same time there exist no data about the American inhabitants, who support the behavior of the Muslim community representatives. Though many people do not support the policy of the US, this does not make them angry and violent, only sym pathizing the soldiers, who go on missions and sometimes even the terrorists. 7. What are some of your thoughts and observations on the Weimberg / Ryan documentary? How does it support, or undermine, the tenets of human nature or cognitive theory? The documentary True Rarity: The Amazing Story of Irwin Weinberg was based on the historical event of 1980 described inThe New York Times. It tells the story of the entrepreneur Irwin Weinberg, who followed his dream and built a profitable career on selling stamps. From the first view, the story seems to tell about a single individual and chronicles of his life, and a rare British Guiana stamp, which was finally sold for $850,000 from the auction. However, it becomes obvious that the film emphasizes the life experience of the main hero and shows that it finally had a global influence on other’s deeds. The cognitive theory emphasizes that the internal thought process is of great importance for the behavior of the person, in the same way the documentary acknowledges this idea. Therefore, one can follow not only that the reflections of Irwin Weinberg has brought him to success, but also that the example of his story gives birth to the other’s thoughts, as a result, inspire s them to follow their dreams till the end and believe in luck. Showing how the man has built a career on selling various rare items and stamps let a person analyze how the plans can be fulfilled if one is ambitious and self-oriented. Consequently, it is possible to state that the documentary True Rarity: The Amazing Story of Irwin Weinberg depicts not only the story of some businessman, but human nature in general. It offers the view that people’s thoughts and, therefore, behavior and life are closely connected with various changes in the environment. Nevertheless, there exists self-control of a person, the inner world, which predetermines the behavior of an individual and the reaction on the outer-directed struggles and obstacles. Consequently, as it was shown in the documentary, the person makes the decisions according to his or her inner beliefs, and according to feelings as the main hero followed his dream, which shows that the documentary supports the cognitive theory o f human nature. 8. What does author Robin J. Crews mean by the phrase â€Å"images of truth†? What are the fundamental values associated with peace studies? Speaking about the peace studies comprehension at least three issues are of great importance: the prevention of war and violence, social change and community impact. The image of the world, which is more just and peaceful than the existing one, becomes a desirable eventual result of the studies. Referring to the international relations and sociology, peace movements and non-violent struggles become the means of fight against the negative social changes, wars, acts of terrorism, and must bring the positive results to the society and to its members. Nevertheless, the justice can not be ignored by these actions as it is one of the most fundamental values associated with peace. This concept is obviously very important when settling the conflicts, and makes one deal with the differences in views, beliefs between the individuals, and is closely connected with the notion of the moral obligations. Therefore, peace studies should to be aimed to contribute to people’s understanding of à ¢â‚¬Å"good† and â€Å"bad†, and show how the peace is built. Moreover, it is important to differentiate between the notions of â€Å"negative peace† and â€Å"positive peace†, which separate the types of violence. According to Galtung the term negative peace is referred to the â€Å"direct† violence and the absence of war while the term positive peace is referred to the presence of social justice and absence of â€Å"structural† violence. According to Crews the same terms can be replaced by â€Å"essential peace† and â€Å"shadows of peace†.   He also believes that different kinds of conflicts are to be learned on both interpersonal and global levels; this is the best way to perceive the truth. As he read lectures on peace studies to the students, he regarded the images as the best educational method. Consequently, the issues of justice, human rights, peace making and conflict resolution were regarded and analyzed on the life examples of his students. Such education of the peace fundamentals through â€Å"images of truth† is quite effective and widely available. live CHAT

Idem and Ibid

Idem and Ibid Idem and Ibid Idem and Ibid By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Could you discuss the use of â€Å"id.† in conjunction with referencing citations, especially web links? The abbreviation id. in bibliographical citations stands for Latin idem: â€Å"the same.† The abbreviation id. and the word idem are often seen in older scholarly works, but modern style guides, like The Chicago Manual of Style, no longer countenance the use: 14.30 â€Å"Idem† When several works by the same person are cited successively in the same note, idem (â€Å"the same,† sometimes abbreviated to id.) has sometimes been used in place of the author’s name. Except in legal references, where the abbreviation id. is used in place of ibid., the term is rarely used nowadays. Chicago discourages the use of idem, recommending instead that the author’s last name be repeated. Ibid. is another abbreviation related to the Latin word for same. It stands for ibidem, â€Å"in the same place† and usually refers to a single work cited in the note immediately preceding. Here is an example from the bibliographical endnotes for Chapter I, â€Å"Maid of France† in Marina Warner’s Joan of Arc: The Image of Female Heroism: 18. Pernoud, Retrial, pp. 197-8. (first mention of the book cited) 19. Ibid, p. 201. 20. Ibid, p. 134. 21. Ibid, p. 75. 22. Ibid, p. 177. 23. Ibid, p. 149. 24. Ibid, p. 96. 19. Ibid, pp. 90-2. All the references marked Ibid. are from the same source. Note: â€Å"Pernoud, Retrial† is the abbreviated form that Warner uses in the notes for Regine Pernoud’s The Retrial of Joan of Arc: The Evidence at the Trial for Her Rehabilitation. Ibid, italicized when referred to as a word, is not italicized in use. Ibid is pronounced with short i in both syllables. The i in idem is also a short vowel, as is the e. The reader asks about the use of id. in reference to Web links. I can’t recall having come across it, but if people do use it online, the same conventions that are described here would apply. For example: Maddox, Maeve. â€Å"Let the Word Do the Work.† Daily Writing Tips. May 30, 2007. Web. August 13, 2015. Ibid. The pattern for a Web citation (MLA style) is as follows: Last name, First name. â€Å"Article Title.† Website Title. Publisher. Date Month Year Published. Web. Date Month Year Accessed. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a US Business Letter50 Synonyms for â€Å"Idea†Rite, Write, Right, Wright

Courtroom Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Courtroom Technology - Essay Example The result was a massive media spectacle. Some judges disapprove of cameras in the courtroom, suggesting that judges may end up playing up to the camera. It is generally considered a negative thing to have a great deal of media attention surrounding a trial as it may prejudice those involved. Different jurisdictions have different rules relating to this issue. Indeed, even some Supreme Court Justices have been somewhat schizophrenic on this issue. A few years ago, Justice Antonin Scalia, who has always taken a hard line against technology in the courtroom, expanded the notion of where technology was acceptable during a public speech he gave: During an April 7 speech by Scalia at a high school in Hattiesburg, a deputy federal marshal, Melanie Rube, demanded that AP reporter Denise Grones and Hattiesburg American reporter Antoinette Konz erase recordings of the justice's remarks. The reporters had not been told before the speech that they could not use tape recorders. When Grones resis ted, the marshal took the digital recorder out of her hands. The reporter then showed Rube how to erase the recording (AP). This issue caused a great deal of controversy at the time, and eventually led to an apology. Nevertheless, it has been reported that Justice Scalia is fond of the Ipad and uses it regularly. Clearly, the position of courts have everywhere have been evolving over the years. A timeline would suggest they have moved from conservative restriction to a more permissive, liberal approach. Standards vary from one jurisdiction and one judge to another. Indeed, other supreme court judges have been equally happy about the result of technology in the courtroom. One of the court's recent appointees, Justice Kagan, has the following to say about the huge amount of legal pleadings that justices have to work their way through: â€Å"At times there are as many as 50 friend-of-the-court briefs for one case. That is on top of the motions submitted directly by the named parties. So there is a lot of reading . . . And you know that's a big part of the job and if a Kindle or an iPad can make it easier, that's terrific" (Beahm). We see that people intimately involved in the judicial system have embraced technology in some ways, while rejecting it in others. We need to find ways to effectively implement technology across the board so long as it is helpful. There are a number of other ways that technology can be useful to those involved in the legal profession. For example, electronic discovery has made life very difficult for many lawyers. The sheer quantity of electronic documents involved in some cases makes it impossible to physically go through every document or email by hand. Special software is required to deal with these large quantities. This software can search through keywords to find important phrases or names. It can dramatically shorten the amount of time required to find what a lawyer is looking for. Both courts and lawyers can work together as pa rtners to develop and implement technologies in the courtroom. One system currently being used is called Digital Evidence Presentation System and allows for electronic, integrated presentation in the courtroom. As one expert says: â€Å"Although attorneys have significant control over the systems in the courtroom, the court has instantaneous override capability. With the touch of a button, a judge can turn off every screen in the courtroom, including the screens in the jury box and the large screen displaying